ECF / Elemental Chlorine Free
Pulp bleached without the use of elemental chlorine. ECF papers are generally made with virgin fiber bleached with chlorine dioxide, rather than elemental chlorine gas as a bleaching agent. This virtually eliminates the discharge of detectable dioxins in the effluent of pulp manufacturing facilities.

Electronic printing
Photocopiers, ink jet and laser printers and other printing methods that create images using electrostatic charges or ink sprays rather than a printing plate. In digital printing, any technology that reproduces pages without the use of traditional ink, water or chemistry.

Electrophotography
A printing process that uses principles of electricity and electrically charged particles to create images, such as photocopiers and laser printers.

Em
In composition, a unit of measurement exactly as wide and high as the point sizes being set. So named because the letter "M" in early fonts was usually cast on a square body.

Embossed finish
Finish or pattern imparted to paper through an embossing machine. The paper will take on a raised or depressed surface resembling wood, cloth, leather or another pattern.

Embossing
The use of pressure and a metal die to create a raised letter or image on paper, either over printing or on a blank paper (called blind embossing).

En
In composition, one-half the width of an em.

Enamel
A term applied to a coated paper or to a coating material on a paper. The term is usually used when referring to glossy paper.

Encapsulated PostScript (EPS)
In digital prepress, a file format used to transfer graphic images within compatible applications. A file containing structured PostScript code, comments and a screen display image.

End-leaf paper
Strong, fine quality papers, either plain or coated and sometimes colored or marbled, used at both ends of a book. Also called sheets.

Engraving
Printing by the intaglio process. Ink is applied to paper under extreme pressure, resulting in a printed surface being raised. Used for fine letterheads, wedding invitations, etc. Developed by goldsmiths in the 15th century to transfer metal etchings onto parchment. Requires hand tooling or photochemical etching of a design into a metal die. The die is covered with opaque ink and wiped clean, leaving ink only in the "cut-in" design. Paper is then pressed between the etched die and a mirror-image counter die, transferring ink onto the sheet and creating an elegant raised impression.

Envelope
Paper can be folded and glued into envelopes of various sizes and shapes.

Eucalyptus pulp
Eucalyptus offers several advantages compared to other forest species. Eucalyptus can be harvested in approximately seven years for pulp making and its productivity is twice that of planted conifers. Because of this high productivity, the amount of land necessary for eucalyptus plantations is significantly reduced. In addition, unique fiber properties make eucalyptus pulp a preferred raw material for most woodfree paper grades.